Alveolar Erosion

Alveolar erosion in sandstone is a distinctive weathering pattern characterized by small, rounded to irregular cavities on rock surfaces, resembling honeycombs or pits. This phenomenon typically develops in porous sandstones exposed to coastal, arid, or semi-arid environments. The process is driven by salt crystallization, wetting and drying cycles, and wind abrasion, which gradually enlarge pores and weaken cement between grains. Alveolar features often occur on vertical or overhanging faces where moisture and salts accumulate unevenly. Over time, these erosional cavities can merge, significantly altering rock morphology. Alveolar erosion is an important indicator of sandstone durability and environmental conditions.